Not in Northern Colorado, but there are a few in Southern Wyoming, about 50 miles north of Fort Collins Colorado. I camp out there at least a few times a year with my husband and friends.
Can't really help other than to say: hope you have fun , and... I know there's some good places in Northern Colorado mountains, but its been so long since I've been up there couldn't say where. As DMark69 said there's also good places in Southern Wyoming mountains (but like N-CO its been way too long since I've been there so I wouldn't remember where)
What ever you do avoid carter lake and that area, I live sorta over by there and went up there a few times and it is horrible so avoid it though I did recently hear about a place up near Estes Park, though I cant put my finger on the name....
We ended up at jackson hole state park... was ok but I think we are going to try Estes park next time or go up into the mountains.